OUTBREAK AND IMPACT OF HUMAN METAPNEUMOVIRUS (HMPV) IN INDIA: A CALL FOR ENHANCED SURVEILLANCE AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES

ABSTRACT Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV), a respiratory virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family, has emerged as a growing public health concern, particularly affecting young children, elderly individuals, and immunocompromised patients. First discovered in 2001, the virus causes symptoms similar to Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), such as coughing, fever, nasal congestion, sore throat, and, in severe cases, bronchitis or pneumonia. This report analyzes the recent HMPV outbreak in India during early 2025, amidst a broader global uptick in cases. India reported 59 infections with two fatalities across states including Karnataka, Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu. While most infections resulted in mild to moderate respiratory symptoms, the virus poses a serious threat to vulnerable populations. Several case studies illustrate the diverse impact of HMPV on individuals across age groups and regions. The seasonal nature of HMPV, peaking during winter and early spring, underscores the importance of timely diagnosis, surveillance, and public health preparedness. Effective response strategies require coordinated efforts between healthcare institutions, government bodies, researchers, and community organizations. Preventive measures such as improved hygiene practices, public education, robust healthcare infrastructure, and anti-stigma campaigns are essential in controlling the spread and mitigating the societal impact of HMPV. Keywords: Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV), respiratory virus, outbreak, India, 2025, public health, Paramyxoviridae, surveillance, seasonal infection, vulnerable populations, pediatric cases, infection control, respiratory illness, virus transmission, healthcare response