Forensic Estimation of Stature Using Bony Markers of the Proximal End of the Ulna: An Anatomical Perspective

Background: Estimating stature from skeletal remains is an essential tool in forensic anthropology, especially when only fragmentary remains are available. The ulna, being a commonly preserved long bone in forensic cases, offers significant potential for height estimation, particularly from the bony markers at its proximal end. Objective: This study aims to establish a reliable method for estimating human stature based on the bony markers of the proximal ulna, focusing on its anatomical features such as the anteroposterior and transverse diameters, as well as the maximum length. Methods: The study included 100 adult human skeletal specimens (50 males, 50 females) with intact ulnas. Various bony measurements of the proximal ulna were taken using digital callipers, including the maximum length, anteroposterior, and transverse diameters. Statistical analysis, including correlation coefficients and regression models, was applied to establish the relationship between these markers and stature. Results: A strong positive correlation (r = 0.85) was found between the proximal ulna measurements and the stature of individuals. The anteroposterior diameter exhibited the highest predictive accuracy (r² = 0.72) for stature estimation. A regression equation was derived for both sexes to estimate stature based on the proximal ulna’s measurements. Conclusion: The bony markers of the proximal ulna provide a valuable and reliable method for estimating stature, particularly in forensic cases involving partial skeletal remains.