Effects of body-mind-spirit group therapy on holistic well-being and depression in individuals with visual impairment

Background and Objectives:Individuals with visual impairment often face challenges such as poor sleep quality, depressive symptoms, and reduced quality of life, exacerbated by progressive vision loss. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a culturally adapted Body-Mind-Spirit (BMS) group therapy program that integrates Eastern and Western philosophies—such as observing merits, appreciating kindness, and forgiveness therapy—to enhance holistic well-being, improve sleep parameters, and alleviate depressive symptoms among visually impaired individuals. Methods:Using a single-blind, quasi-experimental design, 30 participants were recruited from community organizations. The experimental group attended 10 weekly BMS group therapy sessions (130 minutes each), while the control group continued with routine activities. Outcome measures included the WHOQOL-BREF TW for quality of life, objective sleep parameters via accelerometer (XA-5), holistic well-being scales, and the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Results:The experimental group showed a significant 27% increase in holistic well-being scores by week 10 (p = .02), with marked improvements in non-attachment and mindful awareness. Beck Depression Inventory-II scores decreased by 70% at week 5 and 86% at week 10 (both p < .001). WHOQOL-BREF results indicated a 9% improvement in overall quality of life (p = .01), particularly in the physical health, psychological, and environmental domains. Although the 8% increase in total sleep time was not statistically significant (p = .45), subjective sleep latency decreased significantly (p < .03), and both longer sleep duration and higher subjective sleep quality were positively correlated with improved quality of life (p < .01). Qualitative findings highlighted enhanced gratitude, resilience, self-worth, and a renewed sense of meaning and altruism. Conclusion:BMS group therapy is an effective and culturally sensitive intervention for improving psychological well-being, emotional resilience, and sleep-related outcomes in individuals with visual impairment. The findings support the integration of BMS therapy into holistic care strategies aimed at fostering personal growth and improving overall quality of life in this population. Further studies are warranted to examine the long-term effects and broader applicability of this model. Keywords: Body-mind-spirit, visual impairment, group therapy, quality of life, sleep quality, depression, holistic well-being