Comparative Study of Industrial vs Non-Industrial Zones: A Detailed Water Quality and Ecological Health Assessment of the Vaitarna River

Abstract This study examines the comparative effects of industrialization on water quality and ecological health along the Vaitarna River, located in Maharashtra, India. Industrial zones situated along the riverbanks are increasingly contributing to the deterioration of water quality and the ecological health of the river ecosystem. Key water quality parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen levels, and concentrations of heavy metals, including lead, mercury, and cadmium, were measured in both industrial and non-industrial zones. The findings reveal significant differences in these parameters, with industrial zones exhibiting higher levels of contamination and lower dissolved oxygen levels, which directly affected the biodiversity of the river. In contrast, the non-industrial zones showed relatively better water quality and more diverse aquatic life. The study highlights the ecological impacts of industrial pollution, such as decreased fish populations and reduced aquatic flora diversity. This research emphasizes the importance of effective pollution control and sustainable industrial practices in mitigating the adverse effects of industrialization on river ecosystems. The results contribute to the broader understanding of industrial river contamination and offer valuable insights for river management policies aimed at balancing industrial growth with environmental preservation. Future research directions include long-term monitoring, cross-geographical studies, and better policy enforcement for effective river conservation