'Stress Distribution' in Dental Implants – A Review

ABSTRACT The biomechanical performance and bone health of dental implant systems are greatly impacted by the distribution of stress. This abstract focuses on the stress distribution in zygomatic implants, All-on-Four, All-on-Six, implant-supported bridges, and single implants. Particularly in short implants or type IV bone quality, single implants show high stress concentrations in cortical bone under oblique loading, which increases the risk of bone resorption because of poor osseointegration. Because of cantilever effects, which are influenced by loading conditions and implant design, implant-supported bridges distribute stress over a number of implants but experience elevated stress at distal implants. By reducing cantilevers, the All-on-Four system with tilted posterior implants lowers stress however, oblique loading in low-quality bone can get close to the mechanical limits of bone. Through improved load sharing, All-on-Six systems further reduce stress, while enhancing stability. The atrophic maxilla is protected by zygomatic implants, which exhibit low stress due to their anchoring in dense zygomatic bone. Stress distribution patterns are determined by important factors such as bone quality, osseointegration rates, oblique loading, and implant design (length, diameter, and thread type). All-on-Six and zygomatic implants provide better biomechanical results because of their optimized stress distribution, whereas single implants carry the highest risk of bone damage. Key Words: Stress distribution; Implant Systems; Single Implant; Multiple Implants.