ФЕНОМЕН ГОСТИННОСТІ У ФІЛОСОФІЇ: ВІД АНТИЧНОСТІ ДО СУЧАСНОСТІ

This article examines the evolution of the concept of hospitality in philosophical thought from ancient times to the present. Hospitality is considered as a multidimensional phenomenon that combines ethical, cultural, religious, and socio-political aspects of human relations. The study covers the ancient tradition of xenia in Ancient Greece, where hospitality was a religious duty and moral imperative, the Roman institution of hospitium as a legal norm, the Christian reinterpretation of hospitality as an expression of mercy and service, the Enlightenment concept of cosmopolitan hospitality by Kant, and contemporary philosophical approaches by Derrida and Levinas. Ancient philosophers viewed hospitality as the foundation of social harmony and moral behavior. The Christian tradition sacralized hospitality, transforming it into a spiritual practice and expression of divine grace. The Enlightenment gave hospitality the status of a universal human right, linking it to ideas of cosmopolitanism and international law. Contemporary philosophy presents concepts of radical hospitality and ethical encounter with the Other as fundamental bases of morality. The research shows that hospitality remains a relevant philosophical concept that evolves in accordance with sociocultural changes and contemporary challenges of the globalized world. The conclusions emphasize the significance of hospitality for understanding intercultural interaction, human rights, and ethical foundations of social coexistence.