Compression Ignition Engine Under Varying Load Conditions

Compression Ignition (CI) engines are widely used due to their superior fuel efficiency and high torque characteristics. This study presents a systematic evaluation of the performance and emission characteristics of a single-cylinder four-stroke CI engine operated on standard diesel fuel. The engine was tested at a constant speed with varying loads using a rope brake dynamometer. Key performance indicators such as brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and exhaust gas temperature were measured, alongside emissions including carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and carbon dioxide (CO₂). Results indicate improved thermal efficiency at higher loads, with an associated rise in NOx emissions. This work contributes to better understanding the operational behavior of CI engines and supports future research in combustion optimization and emission reduction strategies.