Genomics of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML): Treatment Benefits and Future of Gene Therapy

Abstract Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a hematological malignancy driven primarily by the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene, resulting from the translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22 (the Philadelphia chromosome). Advances in genomics have revolutionized CML management, with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) offering remarkable clinical outcomes. This review explores the genomic underpinnings of CML, the benefits of current TKI-based treatments, and the potential role of gene therapy in shaping the future of personalized CML care. Emphasis is placed on novel gene-editing tools like CRISPR-Cas9 and their promise in eradicating leukemic stem cells and achieving treatment-free remission (TFR). KEY WORDS CHRONIC, ABL, CART CELL