A Physical Analogy-Based Disproof of P = NP: Integrating Thermodynamic Asymmetry into Computational Complexity

Abstract This paper proposes an original philosophical and physical-mathematical argument against the proposition that P = NP. Building upon the asymmetry observed in nature—where creation takes time, but destruction may occur nearly instantaneously—we argue that this reflects a deeper truth in computation. By integrating principles from physics, particularly thermodynamics and entropy, into computational theory, we present a framework suggesting that problems whose solutions are easy to verify (NP) may not be equally easy to construct (P). Our conclusion supports that P ≠ NP under a physically integrated logical framework, differing from purely mathematical approaches.