Taxonomic spectrum of birds, settlement character, and assessment of collision risk with aircraft during the breeding season at Heydar Aliyev International Airport

Between 2022 and 2024, 26 bird species belonging to 8 orders, 18 families, and 14 genera that pose a threat to aircraft during the breeding season were identified at Heydar Aliyev International Airport. Based on their settlement characteristics within the airport area, 15 species from 4 orders, 10 families, and 13 genera were classified as resident populations, while 11 species from 4 orders, 8 families, and 11 genera were classified as migratory-nesting populations. The probability of bird-aircraft collisions was assessed: 5 species scored between 0-20 points, 8 species between 20-40 points, 1 species between 40-60 points, 4 species between 60-80 points, and 8 species between 80-100 points.