Lateral Epicondylitis: Epidemiology, Occupational Risk Factors, and Public Health Implications

Lateral epicondylitis, commonly known as tennis elbow, is a prevalent musculoskeletal disorder characterized by pain and tenderness on the lateral aspect of the elbow, often linked to repetitive strain of the extensor carpi radialis brevis tendon. While frequently associated with sports, it is more commonly observed in working-age adults engaged in repetitive, forceful, or awkward upper limb activities. The condition affects approximately 1–3% of the population annually, with a peak incidence in individuals aged 35–54 years. Occupational risk factors include repetitive wrist and forearm motions, forceful exertions, vibration exposure, and poor ergonomic conditions, particularly in manual labor and certain service industries. Lateral epicondylitis contributes significantly to work-related disability, lost productivity, and healthcare costs, underscoring its importance as a public health concern. Effective management involves a combination of conservative treatment, ergonomic workplace interventions, and early diagnosis. Public health strategies should focus on prevention through ergonomic education, job redesign, and occupational health surveillance to mitigate the personal and economic burden of this condition.