The Evolution of Quantum Computing: Challenges and Future Prospects

Abstract: A paradigm change in computational technology, quantum computing uses the ideas of quantum physics to tackle unsolvable problems. This paper examines the quantum computing from theory to the present day. It presents the main barriers that prevent practical quantum computers from becoming a reality, being the undesirable effects of decoherence, error correction, making them scale. Finally, the paper also discusses future prospects for application in cryptography, optimization and artificial intelligence. This paper synthesizes existing research with the objective of transcribing the field and directing future work.