The Role of Emerging Maritime Technologies in Redefining Geopolitical Frontiers in the Indo-Pacific

In the Indo-Pacific, emerging maritime technologies are reshaping geopolitical dynamics by challenging traditional notions of borders and sovereignty at sea. Traditionally, borders have been viewed as fixed territorial lines, but the high seas represent a contested and fluid space that challenge traditional notions of sovereignty and state authority. The paper explores the impact of advanced technologies such as autonomous vessels, maritime surveillance systems, artificial intelligence and undersea infrastructure in redefining maritime boundaries and geopolitical frontiers. These maritime technologies have further enhanced existing mapping capabilities and resource assessment allowing states to exploit and secure their maritime frontiers. It examines how these developments challenge existing ocean governance regimes and maritime law. The paper uses a qualitative approach to analyze maritime legal frameworks and case studies of contested regions within the Indo-Pacific, such as the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea. It offers valuable insights on how technological advancements transform regional maritime frontiers based on interviews with maritime law experts and discussions with policymakers. These perspectives highlight how the increasing role of technology extends state influence, reshapes legal interpretations of maritime boundaries and raises questions about the adequacy of current international legal regimes. The study contributes to understanding the role of maritime technology, its potential to alter power dynamics in the Indo-Pacific, and its implications for future ocean governance regime.