"LISTENING" AS EXEMPLIFIED BY VALLUVAR: AN ANALYSIS

The Tamil Lexicon (vol. 1 and 2: 1982) explains that the word “kelvi” (question/hearing) has various meanings including inquiry,questioning, asking about textual content, education, sound, Vedas, text, word, ear, investigation, musical note, and harp. Not every one gets the opportunity to obtain knowledge through formal education owing to lack of resources, certain life situations, or miscellaneous indispensable reasons. Yet, it is undeniable that learning is possible through listening and observation. Therefore, Tamils have emphasised “hearing/listening” as one of the sources of knowledge. References to “kelvi” are found throughout Tamil literature since the Sangam period. These references mainly indicate listening to textual content which are mainly religious and didactic in nature. Everything heard by the ear constitutes “kelvi.” Hence, “kelvi” can be considered as a doorway to gain all types of knowledge. Parimelazhagar states that “kelvi” refers to listening to what those who have studied texts have to say. Manakkudavar believes that those who cannot study all texts should listen to those who have studied them. This is referred to as “wealth of form” and is considered the greatest among all types of wealth. Thiruvalluvar emphasises in his couplets that one should listen attentively to what others say rather than constantly speaking. At the same time, we should note that other texts have not given as much prominence or extensive discussion to “kelvi” as Thiruvalluvar did. This article explores the various contexts in which listening enriches one’s self and materialistic life as well.