Impact of Land Transportation Systems on Health and Well-being: Challenges for Public Transport Bus Drivers

Abstract Background: Bus driving as a profession is associated with unique health challenges, including physical, psychological, and lifestyle-related issues. The sedentary nature of driving, coupled with exposure to traffic congestion, air and noise pollution, and the stress of adhering to demanding schedules, poses significant risks to drivers' physical and mental health. Objectives: To study the health and morbidity pattern in bus drivers and to study the proportion of depression, anxiety and mental stress among bus drivers. Methodology: An observational cross-sectional study with universal sampling was conducted at the State road transport corporation depot in a district headquarter. Total 175 ST drivers were interviewed and examined using validated proforma, Mental health assessment (depression, anxiety, stress) using the DASS-21 scale. Data obtained was analysed. Result: Bus drivers ranged from 25-58 years (mean age 43.59, SD=8.62 years) . All were literate, and a majority worked 48 hours per week, with 60% having night shifts and a significant number spending extended periods away from home. The most prevalent morbidity was Obesity, chronic lumbar pain (33.14%), followed by hypertension (32%) and acid peptic disease (27.42%). Many were addicted to chewing tobacco, with some also using alcohol and smoking. Mild to severe depressions (21%) & mild to moderate anxiety and mental stress (33%) observed here. A statistically significant association was found between year of service with hypertention, low back pain and depression. Conclusion: Working as bus drivers has several health risks. A large proportion of these health risks are attributable to stress related disorders. In depth research, using cohort study design, is needed to confirm results and recommend interventions targeting the most tedious and harmful working conditions.