Multi-Component Blended Concrete: A Review on Composition, Performance, and Durability Enhancements

Concrete structures are frequently exposed to aggressive environments, leading to deterioration due to sulphate attack, chloride-induced corrosion, and other chemical reactions. This review examines various studies on the degradation mechanisms affecting cement-based composites, including the influence of pozzolanic materials, fly ash, limestone content, and admixtures in mitigating deterioration. Research highlights the role of diffusion properties, microstructural changes, and accelerated testing in predicting long-term durability. Experimental findings reveal that incorporating pozzolans, shrinkage-reducing admixtures, and silica fume can enhance resistance against sulphate and chloride ingress. Additionally, studies demonstrate that chloride presence can mitigate sulphate-induced damage, though high limestone content in cement can accelerate thaumasite formation, leading to severe deterioration. Micromechanical modeling and advanced characterization techniques further provide insights into the transport properties and damage evolution. This review underscores the importance of selecting suitable cementitious materials and admixtures to improve durability and structural integrity, ensuring sustainable concrete construction.