Estimating Carbon Emissions from Household Consumption and Practices in Eastern Visayas

This study estimates carbon emissions from households in the Eastern Visayas region of the Philippines, examining various sources, consumption, behaviors, and socio-economic factors that influence emissions. The study is guided by the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) framework. Carbon emissions were estimated across three scopes: Scope 1 (stationary combustion and purchased gases), Scope 2 (electricity consumption), and Scope 3 (waste generation and commuting). Scope 1 emissions were identified as the largest contributor. Emissions were analyzed by household characteristics revealing statistically significant differences between provinces, community types, family types, education levels, employment statuses, and income groups. The regression results indicated that income and its squared term, community type, electricity consumption, fuel consumption, and commuting activities using public transportation modes are significant predictors of carbon emissions. The regression analysis confirms the presence of EKC at the household level. This is reflected by the positive sign of income and negative sign of the coefficient for income squared suggesting an inverse U-shaped relationship between income and emissions. Additionally, an assessment of potential net-zero emissions highlighted that current tree-planting efforts are insufficient to offset household emissions significantly. To effectively offset carbon emissions, each household would need to plant at least four trees every month. Lastly, respondents’ awareness, practices, motivations, and perceived barriers were explored and documented. The study cites several recommendations for policy-makers to focus on to effectively reduce household-level carbon emissions.