Urban ecosystems: Intersecting philosophical and biological perspectives in city analysis

How to address urban systems as biological entities has become a hot topic, especially since modern problems - such as climate change and urbanization - have emerged. A scientific approach to comprehending modern urban problems and the development of new technological possibilities to solve urban ecology-related problems can only be achieved, first and foremost, by blending the perception of urban systems with a biological framework. For this, it is necessary to understand and reconstruct the axioms of the organization of the human populations that create city systems. The main research question of this paper is whether urban systems can be studied from a biological perspective, and if so, to discuss the basic premise arguments for such a biological perspective, and the potential for these arguments to take concrete form for the study of the city system in a biological way. In this context, in this article, we have aimed to construct an abstract treatment of urban systems as biological phenomena. It is hoped that this work will open up new perspectives in the academic literature, which may help in the translation of abstract philosophical concepts into a biological understanding of urban systems.