THE ROLE OF CLIMATE FACTORS IN THE ECOLOGICAL SUSTAINABILITY OF THE SOUTHERN SLOPE OF THE GREAT CAUCASUS

The southern slope of the Greater Caucasus includes the administrative regions of Shaki, Oguz and Gabala. The southern slope of the Greater Caucasus is bordered by the Republic of Dagestan from the north, Gakh district from the west, Ismailli district from the east, Eyuchay and Adash from the southeast.The northern and eastern part of the region includes the southern slopes of the Main Caucasus range, the central part belongs to the Alazan-Haftaran valley, and the southern and southeastern part belongs to the Ajinoshur valley. The height of the terrain varies from approximately 100 m on the coast of Acinoshtur to 3683 m on the slopes of the Main Caucasus range. The total area of the research area included in the Southern slope of the Greater Caucasus is 588,495 hectares, of which 218,042 hectares belong to Gabala (37%), 248,840 hectares to Shaki (42.3%), and 121,613 hectares to Oguz (20.7%). This constitutes 6.81% of the Republic's land. The total area of forest land in Yarazid is 138,243.3 hectares, of which 51,085 hectares are located in Gabala (36.9%), 48,114.3 hectares are in Shaki (34.8%), and 39,049 hectares are spread in the territory of Oguz district (28.2%).In this regard, in various countries of the world, including in Azerbaijan, soil science began to be given more priority to studies focused on soil pollution, degradation - erosion, salinization, and loss of biological function as a result of anthropogenic impact. Among the researches conducted in this direction, the researches aimed at finding solutions to the issues aimed at weakening the anthropogenic pressure on the soil were considered priopite. In this connection, the importance of forming a system of criteria and indicators, which allows to evaluate the beneficial activity of specific ecosystems and bioeocenoses, became relevant. This requires the preparation of scientific approaches and methodologies based on ecological diagnostics and evaluations, which enable the protection and effective use of valuable natural resources, biogeocenoses and soil, which is an important component of its composition. The use of unified scales of soil understanding of ecological conditions eliminates subjectivity as much as possible, and the use of scales also facilitates the ecological analysis of the territory. However, if the attitude is one that technology will provide answers to these problems, then the soil degradation rate will continue to increase and we will reach a tipping point in which technological advances will not be able to overcome the impacts of a reduced topsoil depth coupled with a more variable climate [ 1. 2017].