Chemical synthesis and applications of Gold nanoparticles

Abstract : The range of scientific and technical uses for nanoparticles makes it evident how important nanotechnology is in today’s world. Gold nanoparticles are among the many metal nanoparticles that can be produced using a variety of methods. This review article emphasizes the fundamental methods of chemical synthesis for gold nanoparticles, exploring their production processes and diverse applications. The data for the research was gathered through a review of existing literature. The Brust-Schiffrin method is a significant approach for synthesizing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). In this technique, two reaction pathways are employed to achieve an efficient surface reaction during the formation and growth process. AuCl4− is transferred from the aqueous phase to toluene and subsequently reduced by sodium borhydrate (NaBH4) in the presence of dodecanethiol. The adaptable surface chemistry of AuNPs enables them to be coated with small molecules, polymers, and biological recognition molecules, thus expanding their scope of use. The size of AuNPs can be regulated during synthesis and functionalization with various chemical groups. They have the ability to accumulate in tumor cells, exhibit optical scattering, and serve as probes for microscopic studies of harmful cells. Additionally, AuNPs are employed in cancer therapy and diagnosis. Furthermore, they hold significant promise in catalysis, as their surfaces facilitate interactions between reactants and the catalytically active sites on gold nanoparticles.