Economic and Environmental Implications of Solar Photovoltaic Pumping Systems in Agri-Water Management: A Case Study of Marrakesh Orchards

This study investigates the adoption of solar photovoltaic (PV) pumping systems in Moroccan orchards and its implications for groundwater sustainability and agricultural productivity in the context of escalating water scarcity due to climate change. This study focuses on examining the impact of solar PV systems on groundwater depletion, agricultural yields, environmental sustainability, and economic viability, particularly in a semi-arid region like Marrakesh. Adopting a qualitative case study design, the research involved 15 semi-structured interviews with orchard managers from small, medium, and large farms that have implemented solar pumping systems for over a year. The data analysis included thematic analysis, comparing the effects of solar-powered irrigation systems with traditional diesel-powered methods. The results reveal that while solar PV systems significantly reduce energy costs and greenhouse gas emissions, their impact on groundwater levels varies by farm size, with larger farms facing higher risks of over-extraction. Furthermore, the reliability of water supply provided by solar energy did not lead to noticeable improvements in crop yields, indicating that solar technology alone may not enhance agricultural productivity without improvements in irrigation efficiency. The study emphasizes the critical need for targeted policies and support mechanisms to ensure sustainable water management and agricultural practices in regions facing similar environmental challenges. Moreover, this research contributes to the broader discourse on renewable energy adoption in agriculture by providing empirical evidence on the operational impacts of solar PV systems on water resource management. The practical implications of this study are significant for the agri-sector, offering guidance on the potential and limitations of solar energy in sustaining agricultural productivity and groundwater resources. Keywords : Solar Photovoltaic Pumping Systems, Groundwater Sustainability, Agri-Productivity, Renewable Energy, Moroccan Orchards. JEL Classification : Q15, Q25, Q42, Q56 Paper type: Empirical research