The Etiology, Pathophysiology, and Treatment of Oral Ulcers: A Review Article

Oral ulcers are painful lesions that can considerably penetrate the quality of life of a human being and arise from many etiological factors. The present review of the literature aimed to update recent findings on oral ulcer etiology, concentrating more on Oral Lichen Planus, Behçet’s disease, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, inflammatory bowel diseases, and chemotherapy as a systemic treatment. Oral ulcers are a very common clinical condition that can greatly affect a patient’s quality of life. The pathophysiology of oral ulcers has great complexity and multiple factors: many underlying mechanisms depend on the specific type of ulcer and associated systemic conditions. Oral ulcers are very common but painful conditions that can assess about any quality of life. They can arise from various etiological factors such as medication side effects, systemic diseases, nutritional deficiencies, and cancer treatments. From looking at the many sides of these issues, this review shows how complicated oral ulcers are and points out where more research is needed. It also wants to bring together what new studies found about the causes of oral ulcers, shining a light on key discoveries and gaps in our knowledge that need more study.