Hybrid Energy Storage System in Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Using Particle Swarm Optimization

Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) offer a compelling solution for reducing dependenceon fossil fuels and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. However, achieving optimal performance hingeson effectively managing the on-board hybrid energy storage system (HESS), which typically combines abattery and potentially a supercapacitor. It shows the energy loss minimization of a hybrid energy storagesystem used in an electric vehicle, composed by a battery and a supercapacitor. This research suggests thatthe best way to create a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) with high energy economy (HESS) is to useparticle swarm optimization (PSO) to determine the engine, motor, battery, and supercapacitor (SC) sizessimultaneously. PSO is a technique used to determine the optimal size of the power supply and energysystem that can meet the load requirements of a driving cycle. A statistical study was conducted to evaluatethe algorithms' performance for varying swarm sizes after they were evaluated for minimizing energy lossin the driving cycle. PSO is a technique used to determine the optimal size of the power supply and energysystem that can meet the load requirements of a driving cycle. A statistical study was conducted to evaluatethe algorithms' performance for varying swarm sizes after they were evaluated for minimizing energy lossin the driving cycle.