Gender participation in climate-resilient agriculture: A study of food security outcomes in Kebbi state, Nigeria

The study examines gender participation in climate-resilient agriculture (CRA) practices and its implications for food security in Kebbi State, Nigeria. Data were collected through surveys and interviews with 220 farmers, focusing on understanding the participation rates of male and female farmers in various CRA practices, the constraints they face, and the factors influencing food security outcomes. Results show that male farmers had higher participation rates in most CRA practices, including drought-resistant crops, water harvesting, and agroforestry, with an average participation rate of 59% for males and 54% for females. The study also identifies several constraints that hinder participation, with female farmers facing more significant challenges than their male counterparts. These include land ownership, access to credit, cultural restrictions, and domestic workload. Logistic regression analysis reveals that factors such as gender, access to CRA inputs, extension contact, land ownership, education level, household size, access to credit, and experience with climate shocks significantly influence food security. Male-headed households, households with access to CRA inputs, and those with regular extension contact were more likely to be food secure. The study concludes that gender disparities in participation in climate-resilient agriculture practices contribute to unequal food security outcomes. Although both male and female farmers participate in CRA practices, women face more barriers that limit their full participation and ability to enhance their food security. It is essential to recognize the role of gender in agricultural decision-making processes and to address the socio-economic factors that limit women’s access to resources. Recommendations include the need for targeted interventions that reduce the gender gap in CRA practices by providing women with better access to land, credit, and extension services. Empowering female farmers through training, promoting gender-inclusive policies in agricultural development, and improving women's access to climate-resilient agricultural inputs are critical steps. Additionally, addressing cultural and social barriers that restrict women’s mobility and participation in decision-making will be crucial in enhancing their contribution to climate-resilient agriculture and improving overall food security in the region.