AZERBAIJAN-KAZAKHSTAN COOPERATION: THEORETICAL FOUNDATION

This article explores the development and theoretical underpinnings of bilateral cooperation between Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan since their independence following the dissolution of the USSR. It analyses the evolution of diplomatic ties and evaluates this partnership through the lenses of three major economic and political theories: the Theory of Comparative Advantage, the Theory of Regional Integration, and the Theory of Sustainable Economic Development. The study demonstrates how Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan have leveraged their comparative strengths in energy, logistics, and agriculture to foster economic interdependence. It also highlights their active participation in regional organizations such as the Organization of Turkic States, where integration efforts have contributed to regional stability. Finally, the paper examines the sustainability dimension of their cooperation, particularly in managing Caspian Sea resources, green infrastructure, and social development. The findings suggest that theoretical approaches provide a coherent framework for understanding the structure, dynamics, and future potential of Azerbaijan–Kazakhstan relations.