TROPİLAELAPS MİTES İN HONEYBEE COLONİES AND CONTROL MEASURES

Abstract Tropilaelaps mites are ectoparasitic organisms that feed on the hemolymph of honeybee pupae, leading to substantial damage to bee colonies. This infestation results in physical deformities in both pupae and adults, viral transmission, and a decline in colony productivity. The reproductive cycle of these mites is rapid and occurs exclusively within capped brood cells, which complicates effective control. Mitigation strategies include the application of formic acid, thymol, and queen bee caging. Research has demonstrated that appropriate intervention can halt mite proliferation and preserve colony productivity. Additionally, mite spread can be facilitated by the transfer of infected brood frames to healthy colonies and through robbing behavior. Consequently, beekeepers must vigilantly monitor these activities. Despite the cessation of egg-laying by queens in winter and low environmental temperatures, Tropilaelaps mites can remain dormant until spring. Although these mites typically perish within a few days in the absence of bees, some individuals can survive. Like Varroa destructor, Tropilaelaps mites are expected to continue spreading in apiaries, necessitating sustained control efforts and preventive measures by beekeepers and colony managers.