THE ROLE OF PORT HINTERLAND IN MARITIME SUPPLY CHAIN EFFICIENCY: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL INSIGHTS

Abstract The concept of port hinterland has evolved significantly, reflecting the complex interactions between ports and their surrounding regions in the context of global trade and maritime supply chains. This article delves into the conceptual underpinnings of port hinterland, meticulously examining its definitions, classifications, theoretical underpinnings, and critical performance metrics. The hinterland is currently understood to be a dynamic space characterized by its economic, social, and infrastructural linkages to the port. These linkages extend beyond geographical proximity to include functional relationships. Theories of transport geography and network theory offer valuable frameworks for understanding the spatial dynamics of trade and transportation, as well as the interconnectedness of various actors within the supply chain. Key metrics, including freight volumes, modal split, transport costs, infrastructure quality, and the Logistics Performance Index, are instrumental in evaluating and enhancing hinterland connectivity and efficiency. The findings of this study have practical implications for port authorities, logistics providers, and policymakers. They emphasize the need for an integrated approach, targeted infrastructure investments, modal balance, collaboration, and technology adoption. Future research directions should include the impact of emerging technologies, environmental sustainability, and the resilience of port hinterland networks in the face of disruptions.