NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF IN-TUNNEL CAR FIRE INCIDENT WITH DIFFERENT VENTILATION SYSTEMS

Abstract This study investigates and assesses the numerical simulation of a proposed vehicle fire incident inside a tunnel by examining various ventilation system scenarios. The widely used fire modeling simulator, Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS), is employed to simulate and analyze three specific scenarios. The first is a tunnel without ventilation. The second is a tunnel equipped with two parallel ventilation systems. The last is a tunnel utilizing two ventilation systems arranged in series. The resulting data are evaluated based on temperature distribution and visibility across the three scenarios. The findings reveal that the two-series ventilation configuration significantly outperforms both the two-parallel system and the non-ventilated case in controlling temperature elevation and smoke concentration. These results underscore the critical importance of effective ventilation system design in enhancing tunnel safety and firefighting effectiveness, thereby mitigating the severity of fire incidents in partially enclosed environments such as tunnels.