Tunable Voltage Reference circuit in a standard 65nm CMOS technology

This paper presents tunable voltage reference (TVR) designed in a standard general purpose 65nm CMOS technology. Designed circuit is based on two-transistor (2T) voltage reference (VR) with digitally controlled operational amplifier (OPAMP). Developed TVR provides stable output voltage from 0.38 V to 1.1 V with non-linear tuning step under 0.5% of the output voltage (from 1.9 mV to 2.9 mV). The supply voltage in the range from 0.91 V to 1.5 V is used. The circuit offers parameter PSRR = -53.59 dB (at 1 kHz) and line regulation (LNR) of 0.35% in the worst case. The required area is 0.0185 mm2 . The proposed TVR was used to precise frequency tuning of oscillator. Provided results are obtained from both simulations and measurement of the manufactured ASIC prototype.

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2025-04-07
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15165829
Primary Topic
Academic Publishing and Open Access
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
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article

Tunable Voltage Reference circuit in a standard 65nm CMOS technology

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Academic Publishing and Open Access
article

Tunable Voltage Reference circuit in a standard 65nm CMOS technology

article en

Abstract

This paper presents tunable voltage reference (TVR) designed in a standard general purpose 65nm CMOS technology. Designed circuit is based on two-transistor (2T) voltage reference (VR) with digitally controlled operational amplifier (OPAMP). Developed TVR provides stable output voltage from 0.38 V to 1.1 V with non-linear tuning step under 0.5% of the output voltage (from 1.9 mV to 2.9 mV). The supply voltage in the range from 0.91 V to 1.5 V is used. The circuit offers parameter PSRR = -53.59 dB (at 1 kHz) and line regulation (LNR) of 0.35% in the worst case. The required area is 0.0185 mm2 . The proposed TVR was used to precise frequency tuning of oscillator. Provided results are obtained from both simulations and measurement of the manufactured ASIC prototype.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava (SK)
Affordable and clean energy
Openalex Percentile: Top 44%
Academic Publishing and Open Access
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