Effectiveness of Using Electromagnetic-Based Physical Pendulum Practical Tools Using Infrared Sensors in Basic Physics Practical 1

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the electromagnetic-based physical pendulum practicum tool using infrared sensors in the Basic Physics Practicum 1 course. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D) with a descriptive quantitative approach using the 4D development model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate). The research subjects consisted of 15 students of the Physics Education Study Program, Muhammadiyah University of Prof. Dr. Hamka for small-scale tests and 30 students of the Physics Education Study Program, Tadulako University for large-scale tests. The research instrument was an effectiveness questionnaire with a Likert scale of 1-5 which included 15 questions in three aspects: construction, technical, and learning. The results showed that in the small-scale test, the percentage of effectiveness was 94% with the category "Very Good", while in the large-scale test, the percentage of effectiveness was 89% with the category "Very Good". Both results show that the electromagnetic-based physical pendulum practicum tool using infrared sensors is effective for use in learning Basic Physics Practicum 1. This tool is able to overcome the constraints of conventional practicums such as the difficulty of accurate time measurement, limited real-time data visualization, and minimal interaction with modern technology.