Fiber-Reinforced High Modulus Asphalt Concrete for Extreme Weather Conditions: A Comprehensive Review

High Modulus Asphalt Concrete (HMAC) has gained increasing attention as a durable pavement solution for roads exposed to heavy traffic and extreme weather conditions. However, despite its high stiffness and load-bearing capacity, HMAC remains vulnerable to thermal cracking at low temperatures and rutting at high temperatures. This review paper comprehensively examines the use of synthetic fibers—specifically Glass Fiber (GF) and Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Fiber—to address these limitations. It explores the mechanisms by which fibers improve mechanical properties, such as tensile strength, rutting resistance, fatigue life, and moisture durability. Drawing upon a wide range of global and Indian studies, this review highlights key findings on fiber-reinforced HMAC performance under temperature and moisture extremes, discusses the environmental and structural advantages of PET fiber derived from plastic waste, and identifies knowledge gaps in current research. Special emphasis is placed on the relevance of these findings to India’s diverse climatic zones. The paper concludes by proposing future directions for research and practical implementation, particularly regarding the hybrid use of binders and fibers for sustainable and climate-resilient pavement infrastructure.