Advances in the Management of Second-Degree Burns: A Comprehensive Review of Treatment Modalities, Complications, and Demographic Insights

Second-degree burns, or partial-thickness burns, involve damage to the epidermis and part of the dermis, posing significant challenges in wound healing and infection prevention. This review explores the latest advancements in the management of second-degree burns, focusing on evidence-based treatment modalities such as topical antimicrobial agents, collagenase ointment, advanced dressings, and innovative therapies like allogeneic cord blood platelet gel and cultured keratinocytes. These treatments aim to promote healing, minimize scarring, and reduce complications such as infection and pigmentation changes. Additionally, the review highlights the demographic patterns of second-degree burns, emphasizing the vulnerability of pediatric populations and young adult males to scald and flame injuries. By synthesizing current literature, this review underscores the importance of individualized treatment plans, early referral to burn specialists, and targeted prevention strategies to improve patient outcomes. The findings suggest that integrating advanced therapies and improving access to care are critical to addressing the global burden of second-degree burns and enhancing the quality of life for affected individuals.