THE EVOLUTION OF MONKEYPOX: ANALYSIS OF EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL FACTORS

Monkeypox, a zoonotic viral disease caused by an orthopoxvirus, has significantly increased in non-endemic regions since 2022, prompting the WHO to declare it a Public Health Emergency. The disease has shifted from endemic areas to community settings and mass gatherings, disproportionately affecting vulnerable populations, such as individuals living with HIV/AIDS. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological evolution of monkeypox and its prevalent clinical characteristics. An Integrative Literature Review (ILR) was conducted using data from BVS, PubMed, and CAPES databases, covering publications from 2019 to 2024. Content analysis and metanalysis tools, such as similarity analysis and meta-regression, were employed. Results indicated higher transmission risk in community environments compared to hospital settings. Immunocompromised populations experienced greater morbidity and mortality. The findings emphasized the need for accessible diagnostic technologies, effective contact tracing, and targeted vaccination programs. Continued education for healthcare professionals and community engagement were identified as critical for disease control. An integrated approach, combining epidemiological surveillance, vaccination, and educational strategies, is essential to mitigate monkeypox impacts, particularly on vulnerable populations. Evidence-based efforts and international collaboration are imperative.