STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP IN GLOBAL MILITARY OPERATIONS: DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER THROUGH THE LENSES OF OFFENSIVE REALISM AND TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP

Abstract: This study examines Eisenhower’s leadership during World War II (especially the 1944 Normandy invasion) to evaluate how his approach embodied elements of realist power maximization and visionary, inspirational leadership. The analysis applies John J. Mearsheimer’s offensive realism framework and insights from John F. Kennedy’s crisis leadership to assess Eisenhower’s effectiveness. A qualitative case study method was used, drawing on historical archives, Eisenhower’s wartime records, and scholarly analyses. Eisenhower’s decisions and leadership behaviors were analyzed in light of offensive realism theory and transformational leadership concepts. Triangulating multiple sources and perspectives ensured a comprehensive and valid analysis of his leadership. Based on the result is Eisenhower demonstrated exceptional strategic leadership by forging and maintaining a broad multinational coalition, orchestrating large-scale operations, and making high-stakes decisions under pressure. From Mearsheimer’s realist perspective, Eisenhower leveraged overwhelming military power and rational strategic calculations to secure Allied dominance. From a transformational leadership perspective, he articulated a clear vision, inspired diverse Allied partners, and managed crises with composure – traits exemplified by Kennedy’s handling of the Cuban Missile Crisis. Keywords: Strategic Leadership; Coalition Warfare; Offensive Realism; Transformational Leadership;; Dwight D. Eisenhower.