Measurement of Steiner analysis conventionally and digitally at the age of 12-18 years at RSGM-P Universitas Airlangga

Background: Malocclusion is generally not a pathological process but a deviation process that occurs in the growth and development of the craniofacial system starting in childhood, affecting function and aesthetics, thereby impacting quality of life and social interactions. Lateral cephalometry is used to study individual growth changes within a population. Lateral cephalometric analysis measurements can be performed using conventional or digital methods. With technological advancements, several measurement methods using digital and computer applications for cephalometric analysis have been developed. Consequently, digital measurement methods are gradually replacing conventional methods. Purpose: To analyze the results of conventional and digital Steiner analysis measurements on cephalometric radiographs in individuals aged 12-18 years. Methods: A total of 50 lateral cephalometric samples (19 males; 31 females) were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria from patients in the Department of Pediatric Dentistry. Steiner analysis was used for each radiographic measurement. The SNA, SNB, and ANB angles were first measured conventionally, followed by digital methods using the Android-based OneCeph application. The results obtained from both methods were then compared. Results: The data used in this study are not normally distributed; therefore, the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test is used to analyze the data. There is no significant difference between the results of Steiner analysis measurements using conventional and digital methods (OneCeph app). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that there is no difference between the Steiner analysis measurement results for individuals aged 12-18 years using the conventional method (hand-tracing) and the digital method (One-Ceph app).