Fuzzy Logic Controlled Solar PV-Integrated Grid for Enhancing Electrical Safety and Stability in Large-Scale EV Charging Stations

Ensuring electrical safety in large-scale electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs) is crucial, particularly when integrating renewable energy sources such as solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. This paper presents a comprehensive assessment of electrical safety risks in large-scale EVCSs, emphasizing operational challenges and hazard mitigation strategies. Key safety concerns include (1) facility degradation, which can compromise electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) reliability and protection systems; (2) cyber security threats arising from smart charging and EVCS-grid communication; and (3) power mismatch issues between variable solar PV output and EVCS demand, which may lead to grid instability and reduced availability of critical EV loads during outages. To enhance system stability and power quality, a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is implemented, effectively regulating grid interactions and minimizing total harmonic distortion (THD). The proposed approach provides a robust framework for real-time monitoring and efficient management of EVCS operations, ensuring reliable and safe charging infrastructure for electric vehicle