Advances in the Therapeutic Management of Hyperlipidaemia: Integrating Cholesterol Biology, Pharmacological Innovations, and Nanotechnology-Based Drug Delivery Systems

This comprehensive review elucidates the complex pathophysiological underpinnings and evolving therapeutic landscape of hyperlipidaemia, with a primary emphasis on the molecular biology of cholesterol metabolism and transport. It critically examines recent pharmacotherapeutic advances, including HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, while also delineating the integration of nanotechnology-enabled drug delivery systems aimed at enhancing bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, the article synthesizes contemporary clinical guidelines and explores the multifactorial influences of genetic predisposition, dietary intake, and dysregulated lipoprotein dynamics. Special attention is given to solubility enhancement strategies that address pharmacokinetic limitations of lipid-lowering agents, underscoring their relevance in optimizing clinical outcomes in hyperlipidaemic patients.