Bangladeshi Migration and Remittances: A Historical Survey

This study presents a historical survey of Bangladeshi migration and remittances, tracing their trajectory from colonial-era indentured labour to contemporary labour migration patterns. Drawing on archival data, government records, and secondary literature, the research adopts a historical-structural framework to examine how external labour demand, domestic economic constraints, and institutional responses have shaped migration trends. The study reveals that migration has transitioned from informal survival mechanisms to a formalised state strategy for economic development, with remittances contributing significantly to poverty alleviation, foreign exchange reserves, and rural welfare. However, critical challenges remain, including remittance dependency, governance weaknesses, gender vulnerabilities, and limited reintegration policies for returnees. The research concludes that while migration continues to offer economic relief, its long-term developmental impact requires policy innovation, skills enhancement, gender-inclusive frameworks, and improved governance. Addressing these concerns is essential for transforming migration from a reactive necessity into a proactive driver of inclusive growth.