Lactational Phlegmon: An Uncommon Clinical Entity Affecting A Breastfeeding —A Case Report and Comprehensive Review of Literature

Abstract Introduction: Our goal was to highlight the clinical manifestations and treatment approaches of lactational phlegmon, a distinctive complication associated with breastfeeding that can be effectively managed conservatively. Case report: We report a case of a 28-year-old breastfeeding female who presented with breast pain, erythema, and swelling. Imaging studies revealed a localized area of inflammatory infiltration consistent with lactational phlegmon. The patient was managed successfully with antibiotics, ultrasound-guided monitoring that revealed regression and supportive care, avoiding surgical intervention. Discussion: Lactational phlegmon is still an overlooked condition, different from breast abscess. Diagnosis depends on clinical suspicion and imaging results, especially ultrasound, to distinguish it from other complication. Treatment with suitable medical care can avert the advancement of abscess development and eliminate the need for unwarranted surgical interventions. Conclusion: Lactational phlegmon should be considered in breastfeeding women presenting with mastitis without abscess formation. This case highlights the importance of imaging and conservative management in achieving successful outcomes. Keywords: Lactational; Phlegmon; Breastfeeding; Complications; Breast abscess