A Geometric Reconstruction of Subatomic Particles via Closed Surface Curvature

Description (Introduction) Conventional particle physics classifies subatomic entities—such as electrons, protons, neutrons—by assigning multiple intrinsic properties (mass, charge, spin, quantum numbers). Here, we present an alternative viewpoint: all particles are facets of a single, underlying closed surface φ, characterized solely by local curvature ∇²φ (“sharpness”). Chapter 1–3 redefine electrons and clarify the difference between observed point-like images and extended surface bodies. Chapter 4 interprets charge and spin as consequences of surface curvature and mirror-like projection behavior. Chapter 5 demonstrates how electron interference and wave phenomena arise from overlapping surface projections. Chapter 6 offers a geometric analog of Lorentz contraction via projections onto spherical mirrors. Chapter 7–8 extend the framework to protons and neutrons, explaining nuclear structure, particle decay, and the stability hierarchy through curvature inclusion and compression dynamics. This geometry-first approach minimizes the number of fundamental entities, replacing them with continuous curvature fields and projection logic. The model offers new intuitive insights into particle interactions, stability, and transformations without reliance on discrete symmetries or quantum numbers. Author : Tetsuo Konno (今野哲夫) ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1842-7865