NEUROCHEMICAL CORRELATES OF TRIGUṆA: A MODERN NEUROSCIENCE PERSPECTIVE ON ANCIENT INDIAN PSYCHOLOGY

The concept of Triguna — Sattva (purity and clarity), Rajas (activity and dynamism), and Tamas (inertia and darkness) — forms the foundation of Ayurvedic psychology, representing the qualitative states of the mind (Manas). Modern neuroscience attributes the regulation of mental states to various neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, and GABA. This study aims to explore the correlation between the Ayurvedic description of Triguna and the neurochemical basis of mental states. Sattva, characterized by clarity, stability, and harmony, may correspond to optimal levels of serotonin and GABA, associated with well-being and emotional regulation. Rajas, associated with restlessness, ambition, and hyperactivity, may be linked to elevated dopamine and norepinephrine activity, known to stimulate arousal and motivation. Tamas, reflecting lethargy, ignorance, and confusion, may relate to deficient dopamine or altered GABAergic function, correlating with depressive or inert states. Further, Ayurveda emphasizes that Triguna balance is profoundly influenced by dietary habits (Ahara) and lifestyle practices (Vihara), a view supported by emerging evidence on how nutrition and behavior modulate neurotransmitter synthesis and function. Thus, both Ayurveda and modern science acknowledge the dynamic and modifiable nature of mental states.This conceptual study proposes an integrative model, hypothesizing that Triguna states are neurobiologically grounded in neurotransmitter profiles and can be modulated through appropriate interventions. It lays a foundation for future interdisciplinary research bridging Ayurveda and neuroscience to better understand mental health and develop holistic approaches to its maintenance and restoration.