CLINICAL AND HORMONAL ASPECTS OF GLOSSALGIA IN CLIMACTERIC WOMEN: PATHOGENETIC INSIGHTS AND TREATMENT STRATEGIES

Glossalgia, commonly known as burning mouth syndrome (BMS), is a chronic and often debilitating condition that disproportionately affects women during the climacteric period. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the hormonal, neurogenic, and psychosocial mechanisms underlying glossalgia in menopausal women. Special attention is paid to the role of estrogen deficiency, central and peripheral neuropathy, and emotional disturbances. Additionally, therapeutic strategies—including hormone replacement therapy (HRT), antioxidant therapy, and psychotropic medications—are critically evaluated based on recent clinical evidence.