Review on Development and Characterization of Stress-Resistant Varieties of Indian Sorghum (Sorghum bicolour L. Moench)

Abstract Sorghum (Sorghum bicolour L. Moench) is a significant grain crop in India, initially primarily in semi-arid and dry areas, because of its natural hardiness. However Still, sorghum output is seriously threatened by rising biotic and abiotic stressors and climate change. Emphasizing resilience to drought, salt, heat, and key pests, this study research investigated the advancements in creating stress-resistant sorghum variants in India. The use of genetic resources, breeding techniques, molecular tools, and athe combination of conventional and contemporary technologies to in enhance sorghum resilien ceresiliencies is discussed in this study work. Sorghum, a vital crop in arid and semi-arid regions, has been the subject of extensive breeding programs aimed at to enhancing its tolerance to drought, pests, and diseases. Particularly under progressively changing climatic circumstances, special focus is placed on the contributions of Indian research institutes, the effects of improved varieties on farmer livelihoods, and the possibilities for sustainable agriculture. The development and characterization of stress-resistant sorghum varieties in India is crucial for ensuring food security in drought-prone regions. Continued research and breeding efforts, combined with modern technologies and a focus on farmer needs, are essential for maximizing sorghum productivity and resilience in the face of a changing climate. Changed climate scenarios, cropping patterns, and the cultivation of high-yielding hybrids and varieties have brought about a change in the disease scenario over time, and diseases, which were considered minor at some point in time, have become predominant, thereby inducing losses in yield and quality.