Relationship of IL-33 and IL-17 with Thyroid Stimulate Hormone (TSH, Triiodothyronine (T3), Tetraiodothyronine (T4) in Patient with Hashimoto Disease

Background: The primary goal of this research was to examine the potential effects of IL-17, IL-33, TSH, T3, and T4 on thyroid gland function and hypothyroidism, specifically in patients with Hashimoto’s disease. Methods: This case-control multicenter trial was conducted from December 11, 2023, to September 9, 2024, including 102 female and 28 male patients diagnosed with hypothyroidism, along with 34 female and 14 male healthy controls. The study assessed TSH, T3, T4, IL-33, and IL-17 levels in both groups to determine their association with Hashimoto’s disease. Results: Patients with hypothyroidism exhibited significantly higher levels of TSH (39.52 vs. 2.18, p=0.0001) and T3 (16.99 vs. 100.64, p=0.0001), while T4 levels were significantly lower (2.759 vs. 1.904, p=0.0077) compared to healthy controls. However, no significant differences were observed in IL-33 (576.82 vs. 600.87, p=0.847) and IL-17 (141.81 vs. 143.81, p=0.854) levels between patients and controls. Additionally, age and gender had no significant impact on these parameters, except for a significant gender-related difference in patient distribution (p=0.0006) and a significant difference in the control group (p=0.0487). Conclusion: The study confirms significant alterations in TSH, T3, and T4 levels in hypothyroidism patients, reinforcing their role in Hashimoto’s disease diagnosis and management. However, IL-33 and IL-17 do not show a significant association with the disease, indicating that other immune factors may contribute to its pathophysiology. Further research is needed to explore additional inflammatory markers and their potential role in thyroid dysfunction.