HARPERS Project - Deliverable D6.1 Regulatory framework and criteria report (WP6)

This report presents the outcomes of Work Package 6 (WP6) of the HARPERS project, which aimed to assess regulatory alignment across the European Union in the areas of radioactive waste management (RWM) and decommissioning. Drawing on findings from other HARPERS work packages — WP3 (cross-border services and facilities), WP4 (circular economy), and WP5 (advanced technologies) — WP6 consolidates insights from expert consultations, stakeholder input, and regulatory analyses to identify recurring challenges and propose areas for improvement.The analysis shows that while formal regulatory frameworks are generally in place, practical obstacles may arise from differences in national interpretation, planning approaches, and technical implementation. These obstacles are evident in areas such as the classification of problematic and hazardous waste, clearance and reuse of decommissioned materials, and the integration of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, robotics, and digital twins. These incongruities can hinder innovation, cross-border cooperation, and the adoption of circular economy principles.By applying a structured classification methodology, WP6 distinguishes between issues that are regulatory in origin and those that stem from strategic, technical, or perceived barriers. The findings support the need for greater clarity in definitions, more consistent regulatory guidance, and enhanced coordination among Member States.To address these challenges, the report proposes six cross-cutting priority actions: (1) harmonising definitions and classification standards; (2) updating EUlevel guidance and tools; (3) developing more specific regulatory frameworks for advanced technologies; (4) improving strategic alignment and planning coordination; (5) strengthening regulatory capacity and stakeholder engagement; and (6) promoting mutual recognition of national certifications, clearance procedures, and regulatory decisions, along with enhanced cross-border cooperation in waste transport, treatment, and disposal.Targeted action in these areas can improve the effectiveness and consistency of regulatory practices across the EU, while supporting safe, efficient, and sustainable decommissioning and waste management strategies.