Prevalence and Clinical Profile of Metabolic Syndrome In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Metabolic syndrome represents a constellation of cardiovascular risk factors that frequently coexists with type 2 diabetes mellitus, significantly amplifying the risk of cardiovascular complications and mortality. The prevalence and clinical characteristics of metabolic syndrome in diabetic patients vary across different populations and geographical regions. Understanding these patterns is crucial for optimizing therapeutic strategies and reducing long-term complications in diabetic patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care centre over one year duration, involving 100 patients with established type 2 diabetes mellitus. Participants underwent comprehensive clinical evaluation including anthropometric measurements, biochemical investigations, and assessment of metabolic syndrome components according to established diagnostic criteria. Statistical analysis was performed to determine prevalence rates and identify associated clinical factors. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among type 2 diabetic patients was found to be 78%. Mean age of participants was 56.4 ± 8.7 years with female predominance (58%). Central obesity was the most prevalent component (84%), followed by hypertension (76%) and dyslipidemia (72%). Patients with metabolic syndrome demonstrated significantly higher HbA1c levels (8.9 ± 1.8% vs 7.2 ± 1.4%, p<0.001), increased insulin resistance (HOMA-IR: 4.8 ± 2.1 vs 2.9 ± 1.3, p<0.001), and elevated inflammatory markers compared to those without metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: The high prevalence of metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetic patients emphasizes the need for comprehensive metabolic evaluation and targeted therapeutic interventions. Early identification and management of metabolic syndrome components may significantly improve cardiovascular outcomes and overall prognosis in diabetic patients.