Colonoscopic Findings in Patients with Lower Gastro Intestinal Hemorrhage

Background: Lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage (LGIH) is a significant clinical condition requiring accurate diagnosis for effective management. Colonoscopy plays a critical role in identifying underlying causes and guiding treatment strategies. This study evaluates colonoscopic findings in patients presenting with LGIH. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 98 patients with LGIH. Patients underwent detailed clinical evaluation and colonoscopic examination. Data on demographic parameters, dietary habits, substance abuse, and associated clinical symptoms such as altered sleep and bowel habits were collected. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the distribution of findings. Results: The study included 53 males (54.08%) and 45 females (45.92%). The majority of participants were aged between 41-50 years (25.51%). Dietary habits showed a predominance of mixed diets (92.86%). Substance abuse, primarily alcohol (45.92%), was prevalent in nearly half of the patients. Altered sleep was reported in 85 patients (86.7%), and altered bowel habits were observed in all patients (100%). Colonoscopic findings revealed hemorrhoids in 26.54%, rectal carcinoma in 23.47%, colorectal cancer in 20.41%, and colon cancer in 8.17%. Other findings included fissures (7.15%), polyps (2.05%), and inflammatory bowel disease (4.09%). Notably, 7.15% of patients had normal colonoscopy results. Conclusion: Colonoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool for identifying the etiology of LGIH. Hemorrhoids and malignancies were the most common findings, underscoring the importance of timely evaluation in patients with LGIH symptoms to ensure appropriate management.