Impacts of free public transport on Sundays in São Paulo (2013-2024)

This study evaluated the impacts of free public transportation on Sundays in São Paulo, implemented from 2013 to 2024, focusing on expanding access to urban mobility, especially for low-income populations, and the potential reduction of private vehicle use and carbon emissions. The methodology used was qualitative and exploratory, based on secondary data such as mobility reports and usage charts. The results showed a significant increase in passengers in peripheral regions during the period of free transportation, highlighting the policy as a factor for social inclusion. However, limited infrastructure and a lack of planning to accommodate the growing demand proved critical challenges. The analysis indicated that while the measure promoted mobility, its environmental impact was limited, and the system's financial sustainability remains a hurdle. It is concluded that the policy expanded access to public transportation, but improvements in infrastructure and new financing methods are essential for its continuity and effectiveness.