An Overview of Calotropis Procera (Madar): A Versatile Medicinal Plant with Broad Therapeutic Potential

Calotropis procera (Madar) is a resilient, long-lasting shrub that is found in tropical and subtropical areas around the globe. It has long been used in traditional medicine, and exhibits a number of medicinal properties possibly linked to its complex phytochemistry which consists of cardenolides, flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins. Traditionally, it has been used for skin diseases, rheumatism, fever, asthma and diarrhoea, along with its use as a remedy for snake envenomation. Pharmacological studies have provided proof of a variety of these medicinal properties and pharmacological action including its anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, neuroprotective, and wound healing effects. Other studies have suggested that it may also possess antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and analgesic properties. This species' significance lies in its medicinal uses, the ecosystem services it provides, as well as its role in rural welfare. A consideration of the toxicological profile of this plant, and planning for further clinical trials appears necessary to explore and define its therapeutic potential and the role it can play in the modern medical community.