A Critical Analysis of Samuthana Vishesha In The Etiological Diagnosis of Sheetapitta, Udarda, And Kota

Abstract Introduction : Sheetapitta, Udarda, and Kota are common allergic skin conditions increasingly prevalent in modern life, often causing significant distress due to treatments that merely offer symptomatic relief without addressing underlying pathologies. Ayurveda emphasizes the importance of identifying specific causative factors (Samuthana Vishesha) through Vyadhibodhaka Nidana (diagnostic tools), which helps elucidate the pathogenesis (Samprapti) of these conditions and guide effective treatment protocols. Methods : A comprehensive review of Ayurvedic classical texts, including Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita, along with authoritative commentaries by Chakrapanidatta and Dalhana, was undertaken to examine the Samuthana Vishesha of Sheetapitta and related conditions. These conditions were analyzed within the framework of the Trividha Rogas—Adhyatmika, Adhidaivika, and Adhibhoutika—and further classified into seven subtypes based on specific etiological factors (Nidanas). Results : The analysis identified that Sheetapitta, Udarda, and Kota are influenced by multiple factors, including hereditary predispositions (Aadibalapravrutta), congenital anomalies (Janmabalapravrutta), doshic imbalances (Doshabalapravrutta), ecological influences (Kalabalapravrutta), supernatural forces (Daivabalapravrutta), natural aging processes (Swabhavabalapravrutta), and trauma (Sanghatabalapravrutta). Key Nidana include improper dietary habits (excessive Lavana and Katu rasa), unhealthy lifestyle practices (e.g., Diwaswapna, improper Vamana), environmental triggers (Sheetamaruta samsparsha), and genetic influences on Shukra and Shonita. Discussion : This review underscores the critical role of targeted Ayurvedic interventions that address specific etiological factors, with Nidana Parivarjana (elimination of causative factors) as the cornerstone of management. The findings highlight the importance of integrating classical Ayurvedic principles with modern clinical methodologies to holistically address the root causes of these dermatological conditions, offering a more sustainable and effective therapeutic approach. Keywords: Samuthana Vishesha, Udarda, Kota, Sheetapitta, Ayurveda Etiological Diagnosis